I. CLASSIFICATION OF SHIPS

TYPES OF MERCHANT SHIPS
Merchant ships are classified according to what they carry. Nowadays most merchant ships are built to carry cargo but a few still carry passengers. Merchant ships can operate in the following two ways. They can operate as liners. Liners are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable. A list of their arrival and departure dates is published in advance. They sail whether they are full or not. Merchant vessels can also operate as tramps. Tramps do not sail on regular routes. They do not keep to a fixed timetable. They are employed in all parts of the world where there is cargo for them to carry. Cargo ships can be divided into two basic types. One type carries dry cargo, the other carries liquid cargo. Dry bulk cargo is carried in bulk carriers. We recognize them by the large hatches on their deck. Container ships are the most modern type of dry cargo carrier. They carry containers of standard dimensions. Fruit, meat and milk products are carried in refrigerated ships (reefers). Roll-on / Roll-off ships (Ro-Ro) are specially designed for transportation vehicles (cars, buses, trailers and so on). The design of the ship allows vehicles to drive on board and drive off again. Oil tankers are the most common type of liquid cargo carrier. They are often very large. The two other types of liquid cargo carriers are liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers and chemical carriers. Some cargo ships can carry different classes of cargo at the same time (for example liquid and dry cargo). They are multi-purpose vessels. In comparison with cargo vessels, passenger ships are fewer in number and type. Passenger liners are the traditional type of passenger ship. Nowadays their number has been greatly reduced. Cruise ships are another type of passenger vessel. These are often converted into passenger liners. Ferries are the most common type of passenger vessels. Many of them are also designed to carry vehicles.
TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS

LANGUAGE STUDY

1.

Сопоставьте русские и английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений.

o ship = boat = carrier = craft = vessel o merchant ship o to carry cargo o liner o tramp o dry cargo ship o to be designed to o liquid cargo ship o multi-purpose vessel o dry bulk cargo o ferry o hold o bulk carrier o refrigerated ship (reefer) o vehicles o Ro-Ro ship o hatch o сухогруз o транспортные средства o лайнер, линейное судно o быть предназначенным o судно o трамповое судно o паром o балкер o люк o рефрижераторное судно o сухой навалочный груз o трюм o универсальное судно o торговое судно o перевозить груз o ро-ро, ролкер o наливное судно
2.

Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык. Слова, выделенные курсивом –

«ложные друзья переводчика». Проверьте их значение по словарю.
To classify, passenger liner, to operate, regular, route, fix, list, date, departure, to publish, to design, basic types, traditional type, modern, container, standard, fruit, product, specially, transportation, refrigerated ship, natural gas, chemical, to reduce, cruise ship, to convert
3.

Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений.
Согласно чему-либо, регулярное направление, даты прихода и отхода, опубликовывать заранее, придерживаться установленного расписания, быть задействованным, узнавать по, стандартные размеры, молочная продукция, конструкция судна позволяет, нефтеналивное судно, сжиженный природный газ, химовоз, одновременно, по сравнению с, по количеству, сильно сокращаться, наиболее обычный тип.
4. Назовите лишнее слово в каждом ряду:
1. to ply, to think, to sail, to operate; 2. to class, to classify, to divide, to join; 3. basic, main, chief, necessary, leading; 4. round, big, large, giant; 5. carrier, ship, plane, vessel; 6. reduce, enlarge, decrease, fall; 7. common, general, liquid, typical. 8. chemical carrier, natural gas carrier, ice-breaker, liquefied petroleum gas carrier; 9. ferry, tramp ship, cruise ship, liner ship.
5. Составьте слова, соединив части правой и левой колонок.
1. time 2. nowa 3. tan 4. de 5. car 6. pas 7. ves 8. dimen 9. mer a) go b) ker c) table
d) tion e) days f) esenger g) parture h) chant i) sel

TEXT STUDY

6.

Завершите предложения, подобрав соответствующие окончания в правом столбце.
1. Merchant ships are designed to carry .... a) oil tankers. 2. Liners are employed on .... b) cargo and passengers. 3. Tramps are not employed on ... . c) ferries. 4. Specialized vessels are designed .... d)regular routes on a fixed timetable. 5. Dry cargo and liquid cargo ships are … e) container ships. 6. The most modern type of dry cargo carrier are … f) regular routes. 7. The most common type of liquid cargo carrier are … g) two basic types of cargo ships. 8. The most common type of passengers vessel are … h) to carry particular type of cargo.
7.

Сопоставьте термины с их определениями.
Ro-Ro ships, a container, cargo ships, passenger ships, perishable products, liners, container ships, multi-purpose ships, ferries, reefer, bulk ships 1. A standard cargo box. 2. Vessels transporting containers on the deck. 3. Goods that go bad at high temperatures. 4. Vessels transporting perishable products. 5. Vessels transporting people and their luggage only. 6. Vessels transporting coal, grain, cement, sugar etc. 7. Vessels transporting both passengers and vehicles between two coasts of the river or strait. 8. Vessels are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable. 9. Vessels transporting liquid and dry cargoes at the same time. 10. Vessels transporting cargoes in large quantity. 11. Vessels transporting various vehicles on all decks.
8. На основе информации из текста заполните следующую схему.
Merchant ships Passenger ships Dry cargo ship

GRAMMAR STUDY

9. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги.
1. Tramps do not keep __ a fixed timetable. 2. If you want to travel by air, it's necessary to book a ticket __ advance. 3. The ships of our company sail __ many parts __ the world. 4. Merchant ships can be classified ___ to the region of sailing. 5. Cargo ships can be divided ____ two basic types. 6. Container ships are the most modern type ___ dry cargo ship. 7. Dry bulk cargo is carried ___ bulk carriers. 8. We recognized him ____ his voice. 9. Ro-Ro ships are designed ___ transportation vehicles 10. ___ comparison __- cargo vessels, passenger ships are fewer __- number and type.
10. Определите форму инфинитива в предложениях и переведите предложения на русский

язык.
Model: Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo. (Indefinite Infinitive Active) 1. This is good question to be discussed. 2. The students must be taking their exams now. 3. The professor is said to have been working at our Academy for twenty years. 4. He is said to have defended his diploma paper in English. 5. Training ship Nadezhda is said to have been built in Poland. 6. The cadets must work very hard to master their English.